On that gorgeous fall day, I was listening to the soundtrack of “Cedar House Rules,” perfect music for New England in October. Suddenly I saw my name in the New York Times and Chronicle of Higher Education as an accused Communist spy by my colleague Professor Thomas Cushman. There is even a glamorous photo of him with Professor Susan Reverby. Oddly, both papers retracted their statements later, even though the original reporting was actually a correct version of Mr. Cushman’s attacks on me.
This is just mind-boggling. I didn’t even know anyone at Peking University (PKU). I do not hold any position at PKU or any Chinese institution and receive zero dollars from the Chinese government. I am just a mathematician. I rarely express my own opinion. Now suddenly I am a Communist Party agent working in the U.S.? Seriously? Why?
Last summer, Wellesley’s Albright Institute had a hugely successful program at Peking University on women’s leadership. Our students spoke highly of how much they benefitted from it. Then there was an open letter signed by 130 colleagues, who questioned whether we should continue engaging in academic exchanges with PKU. After a spirited debate, the faculty voted overwhelmingly in favor of continuing our partnership with PKU.
I spoke at the Academic Council for the first time in 20 years. I wrote articles to explain why such open letter was the worst way of communication, why the PKU exchange is good for Wellesley and why journalists should interview PKU students before drawing conclusions. I even wrote that I welcomed Professor Xia Yeliang to campus. In fact, I share similar views with him on many issues.
Instead of debating these issues, Mr. Cushman and so-called “freedom fighters” resorted to a McCarthy-style witch hunt. They couldn’t find anything, so they went after my hometown connection (Changzhou, a city most Americans have never heard of) and wrote a bogus story about me. In particular, it fabricated a “Communist Commissioner” position for me, which I don’t even qualify.
Among other things, they found an online picture of me with China’s ambassador to the U.S. and tried to implicate my “close tie” to the Chinese regime. Never mind that the picture was taken at the welcome banquet for Chinese premier Zhu Rongji in Boston and I was invited by then-Massachusetts governor Paul Cellucci.
Their tactic is no different from those of Mao’s Communists. I am quite familiar with these types of smear campaigns and political character assassinations. I suffered in the Cultural Revolution and was sent to a tire factory for hard labor. My 85-year-old dad used to tell me that those communists were ruthless and mean. I never imagined that I would experience the same in America. What makes it most fascinating is that Mr. Cushman has a “Freedom Project” and studies dissidents under persecution in the USSR.
I was not alone. Eric Fish, an American journalist in Beijing, interviewed PKU students and wrote a story in the Atlantic. Mr. Cushman accused him trying to win favor with the Communist regime. Mr. Fish’s response to Mr. Cushman in his Sinostand blog “On Xia Yeliang” is quite illuminating:
“You pretend to fight for freedom, but that’s a complete joke. People like you and Communist Party propagandists are just opposite sides of the same coin. When someone reports information that challenges your worldview, you go after the messenger and try to portray him as a lackey for your opponent. That’s been the most disillusioning part of this whole brouhaha, because you’re not the only ‘academic’ that’s tried this.”
It is most appalling that Mr. Cushman launched an open assault on Wellesley’s entire ethnic Chinese group. He repeatedly claimed that some “Chinese nationals” who are alumnae and members of our faculty have deep ties to the Chinese regime, that some “Chinese nationals” are openly affiliated to the Chinese Communist Party organization and are PRC nationalists. (Watch this video of his speech at the Cato Institute.)
For the first time in the 140-year history of the College, an entire ethnic group has been singled out, targeted and under attack. Where is the outrage?
Wellesley College has some of the finest faculty America can offer, champions of academic freedom and civil rights. It is most shocking and downright frightening that the administration and the community (including 130 colleagues who signed the open letter) remain silent when academic freedom and civil rights are blatantly violated.
During World War II, between 100,000 and 120,000 Japanese Americans were sent to concentration camps. Millions of Jews were persecuted and murdered. People were silent. Today, “Chinese nationals” at Wellesley College have been accused as some sort of Communist allies. Yet the entire campus remains indifferent. This is scary.
In 1989, I supported the student pro-democracy movement in Beijing and wrote for The Christian Science Monitor: “For over a half-century the world has looked to the U.S. as the beacon of freedom, a refuge for the oppressed.” Today, as the accused man on campus with a scarlet letter “C” (read: Communist), I find my statement 25 years ago extremely ironic.
Photo by Jessica Fan ’14
Editor’s Note: Professor Cushman has responded to this piece with his article “On Charles Bu’s Falsehoods.”
Charles Bu | Oct 30, 2014 at 4:02 pm
Ms. Cao’s writing will surely be archived and nothing will be lost. Her articles about me contain full of false information, misrepresentation and political character assassination in a shocking fashion. It is clear that Ms. Cao continues to mislead Professor Cushman who has no expertise in China and does not read Chinese language.
It is deplorable that Ms.Cao resorted to smear campaign by going after my background especially my hometown connection in China. The tactic of these so called “freedom fighters” is the exactly the same tactic used by Communist Party propagandists.
Making false and defamatory statements in print against a US citizen carries serious consequences. Ms. Cao will be held accountable for spreading false information to readers of her website chinachange.org, to her 54,000 Twitter followers and to Wellesley College community.
Ms. Cao has damaged my reputation, Wellesley College’s reputation and Professor Cushman’s reputation. Without revealing details here, I will present my case against these ridiculous accusations in the court of law. I am confident that justice will prevail.
Yaxue Cao | Oct 29, 2014 at 11:17 pm
Webcache of the 404ed webpages of the Federation of Overseas Chinese of Changzhou are here:
http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:http://www.czql.cn/folder1006/folder1018/2013/10/2013-10-1629877.html
http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:http://www.czql.cn/folder1006/folder1018/2014/05/2014-05-2630271.html
Yaxue Cao | Oct 29, 2014 at 4:51 pm
Dear Wellesleyans,
If some of the links in my “Letter to the Editor” are broken (https://thewellesleynews.com/2014/10/27/letter-to-the-editor-17/#comment-1705), please visit http://chinachange.org/2014/10/26/a-letter-to-wellesley-college/ to find these webpages in web cache or screenshot. We make sure everything is archived, and nothing is lost.
Sincerely,
Yaxue Cao
McCarthy | Oct 29, 2014 at 6:24 am
By Hu Jinping I meant Hu Jintao. Sorry for the typo. Zuckerberg also met with Wang Qishan, nominally the no. 7 communist leader of China but actually the 3rd most powerful official in China. We must watch Zuckerberg now, if we are to apply Yaxue Cao’s logic.
McCarthy | Oct 29, 2014 at 2:33 am
Wow, to serve on one’s hometown’s “Federation of Overseas Chinese” is now a crime? Mark Zuckerberg is now serving on The Advisory Board of the School of Economics and Management of China’s most elite state-controlled university–Tsinghua University, which is far more high-profile and influential than a small city’s “Federation of Overseas Chinese.” Is Zuckerberg now also an agent for the Chinese government? For those who don’t know, Tsinghua’s School of Economics and Management is a most influential economics and management school in China, with former premier Zhu Rongji being its first Dean and the current honorary chairman of the Advisory Board. Tsinghua University is also the alma marter of the current Chinese president Xi Jinping and his predecessor Hu Jinping. In short, Tsinghua and its School of Economics and Management has far closer connections with the Chinese government and leadership than some “Changzhou City Federation of Overseas Chinese,” which few people have heard of. Reasonable people can disagree about Xia Yeliang. But for a fellow Chinese to accuse another as being a spy or government agent simply for being affiliated with a small and unimportant government-sponsored organization is just mind-boggling. Joseph McCarthy is back!
Yaxue Cao | Oct 26, 2014 at 6:03 pm
Dear Professors, Administrators, and Students at Wellesley,
I am Yaxue Cao, founder and editor of ChinaChange.org and the author of “Why Is a Math Professor at Wellesley So Hard Hitting against an Economics Professor Fired by Peking University in China” (http://chinachange.org/2013/11/25/why-is-a-math-professor-at-wellesley-so-hard-hitting-against-an-economics-professor-fired-by-peking-university-in-china/). I’m here to explain how this article about Professor Bu came about.
On November 23, 2013, Professor Xia Yeliang, who had not been active on Twitter for a long time, and who was probably still riled up about being fired by Peking University, which made news headlines a month earlier, dropped the following tweet (https://twitter.com/XiaYeliang/status/404176823329619968) : “Charles Bu, a math prof at Wellesley College, tends to be extremely active to accuse and smear me. What’s benefits behind?”
I met Professor Xia once at a friend’s dinner party in the summer of 2012 when I was vacationing in California, where we exchanged pleasantries. That was the extent of my acquaintance with Prof. Xia, but I am one of his 54.7k Twitter followers. And as the editor of ChinaChange.org, I took a keen interest in Prof. Xia’s case.
I myself actually didn’t catch this tweet of his (I follow 1,400+ people and don’t read every tweet on my Timeline). Other tweeps did and got curious, while Prof. Xia seemed to have disappeared again from Twitter after sending that tweet.
If you are an active Twitter user, you will know that Twitter is a virtual teahouse where people congregate, post information, talk, and, occasionally, yes, look into things. Without Prof. Xia’s knowledge, several of us became curious about who Charles Bu was and why a math professor from Wellesley was so involved in the incident of Professor Xia. We quickly found his Chinese name is Bu Qiyue (步起跃) and in a matter of hours, we discovered that (search “步起跃” and “Charles Bu” on Twitter and you will see all the tweets):
1. In the evening of October 22, 2013, in less than two hours, an article by Professor Bu Qiyue (Wellesley has a translation http://www.wellesley.edu/sites/default/files/assets/xia_article_china_net.pdf) was published by the state-owned Xinhua News Agency and then reposted by at least a dozen or so “mouthpiece” media outlets controlled by the Chinese government, such as the People’s Daily, People’s Daily Overseas, China News, the CCTV website, China Radio International, Global Times, China Daily, and more. It struck me, and everyone else who took an interest in the question, as something extraordinary: the essay and its across-the-broad reposting in such a short time span had the appearance of a state-engineered and coordinated smear campaign.
2. Prof. Bu has very close ties with the Chinese government: According to a report (http://www.czql.cn/folder1006/folder1018/2013/10/2013-10-1629877.html) on the official website of “the Federation of Overseas Chinese of Changzhou,” he was an “overseas commissioner,” and was received on October 14, 2013, by the deputy director of the local Chinese Communist Party’s United Front Work Department and the director of the Federation of Overseas Chinese of Changzhou. The Federation of Overseas Chinese, as my report pointed out, is a unit in the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, which is an arm of the Chinese government on both central and local levels. The official website of the Federation describes it as “a people’s organization under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party Changzhou Committee.”
In fact, as recently as May, 2014, Professor Bu was still an “overseas commissioner” of the Federation of Overseas Chinese of Changzhou (http://www.czql.cn/folder1006/folder1018/2013/10/2013-10-1629877.html) and was again received by the Federation in this capacity.
Please note, nowhere in my report did I describe Professor Bu as a “communist commissioner,” and for a mathematician, such gross inaccuracy is deplorable.
3. A feature story about Professor Bu in April, 2013, on the official website of the Chinese Communist Party Changzhou Committee’s United Front Work Department mentioned that (http://210.73.136.76/tx/view.jsp?uid=ac560d1d-4691-4a96-8ee0-1027daa3bb6c), among other things, Professor Bu and his family had once been received by a ministerial level Chinese official with a banquet at the Diaoyutai State Guesthouse, the place where Chinese government receives foreign leaders and dignitaries.
As a fellow Chinese who has also lived in the U. S. for over twenty years and whose journey to the U.S. was similar to that of Professor Bu, I want to offer readers some perspectives: for someone like Professor Bu, who apparently was the pride of his hometown Changzhou, it is not uncommon to be invited by local Chinese officials for a meeting or a dinner while visiting family in China. Once or twice I myself was approached as well. But to be retained as an “overseas commissioner” by local government, to be received by officials from the Communist Party’s United Front Work Department, and to be invited to Diaoyutai in Beijing is anything but common.
Tweeps found more about Professor Bu on November 23, 2013, and one of them, who described himself as a mathematician, even offered a professional evaluation of Prof. Bu (https://twitter.com/andrewpenzer/status/404268101413240832).
I wrote the report and posted it on November 25, 2013. I summed up the collaboration of several tweeps (acknowledged at the end of my article). As far as I was concerned, I was interested in the fact that 1) Professor Bu’s article seemed to me (and to veteran Chinese journalists I talked to – read the comment section – after the article was posted) part of a concerted effort to discredit not only Professor Xia but his Wellesley colleagues as well, and 2) that Professor Bu had maintained close ties with the Chinese government.
Tweeps (I only know the identity of one of them) and I were not professional investigators on a mission. We were curious, so we googled, and we found what we found on public sources available to everyone. While I documented our findings meticulously in my report, I made no accusation against Professor Bu. Instead, I closed my report with a modest request for him: “…it is problematic to hold back such extraordinary ties from his Wellesley colleagues while criticizing their support for Mr. Xia [in Chinese state media], and Professor Bu owes his colleagues some perspective and balance.”
When Professor Bu wrote, “Mr. Cushman and so-called ‘freedom fighters’ resorted to a McCarthy-style witch hunt,” I suppose by “freedom fighters” he meant us: me and the tweeps. Let me just say that I didn’t know Professor Cushman at all; I had run into his name once when I did my research for the report, but I doubt the other tweeps were aware of him. Professor Cushman, or Professor Xia for that matter, were completely irrelevant to our interest in Professor Bu and our subsequent research on him, and my report, had nothing to do with either man. Neither man was aware of my report before it was posted.
I urge readers to search “步起跃” as well as “Charles Bu” on Twitter to find all the tweets (mostly in Chinese) tweeps tweeted on November 23, 2013, with their findings and thoughts, and you will have it all as I did. It’s as simple as that.